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The Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa (formally the Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act of 2005) altered the boundaries of seven of South Africa's nine provinces. It also redefined all of the province's geographical areas in terms of the areas of district and metropolitan municipalities, and repealed the provisions introduced by the Third Amendment that allowed municipal areas to cross provincial boundaries. A number of the boundary changes were highly controversial and led to popular protest and court challenges. ==Provisions== Before the Twelfth Amendment, the Constitution defined the provincial boundaries by reference to the previous Interim Constitution, which defined them in terms of magistrates' court districts and the areas of the former bantustans. The government identified two issues with the existing boundaries: the first was the existence of municipalities that crossed provincial boundaries, permitted since the introduction of the Third Amendment, which led to complications in budgeting and service delivery. The second was the boundary between the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, where there was the large Umzimkhulu exclave of the Eastern Cape surrounded by KwaZulu-Natal, and the smaller Mount Currie exclave of KwaZulu-Natal surrounded by the Eastern Cape. The Twelfth Amendment added to the constitution Schedule 1A, entitled "Geographical Areas of Provinces", which listed for each province a series of maps depicting the boundaries of the district municipalities that made up the territory of the province. These maps were published by the Municipal Demarcation Board in Notice 1998 of 2005. The amendment also replaced section 103 of the constitution; the original text of this section defined the provincial boundaries by reference to the 1993 constitution, while the substituted text defined them by reference to Schedule 1A. The boundary changes which resulted from the amendment were: * the transfer of Carletonville and Khutsong from Gauteng to the North West. * the transfer of Groblersdal and parts of Sekhukhuneland from Mpumalanga to Limpopo. * the transfer of Bushbuckridge from Limpopo to Mpumalanga. * the transfer of Umzimkhulu from the Eastern Cape to KwaZulu-Natal. * the transfer of Matatiele from KwaZulu-Natal to the Eastern Cape. * the transfer of Moshaweng from the North West to the Northern Cape. * minor expansions of Gauteng's boundaries at the expense of Mpumalanga and the North West. These changes had the result of eliminating all cross-border municipalities and all exclaves or enclaves. The only provinces not affected were the Western Cape and the Free State. The amendment also removed the provisions, inserted by the Third Amendment, that permitted cross-boundary municipalities to exist. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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